The digital divide: Barriers to women's access to technology

What is the Digital Divide?

The digital divide refers to the gap between those who have easy access to modern digital tools, such as the internet and smartphones, and those who do not. But the divide goes beyond just access—it also encompasses the ability to use these technologies effectively. While technology has the potential to empower individuals, the reality is that many people, particularly women, are still left behind due to social, economic, and cultural factors.

For women in certain parts of the world, the digital divide is a barrier that affects more than just access to gadgets—it limits their opportunities for education, employment, healthcare, and political participation. In essence, women’s digital exclusion prevents them from harnessing the full potential of the technological revolution that is taking place around us.

• Economic Barriers: The High Cost of Technology

One of the most significant factors contributing to the gender digital divide is economic disparity. Women, particularly in low-income and rural areas, often do not have the financial means to afford devices such as smartphones, laptops, or even reliable internet services. In fact, studies have shown that women are less likely to own smartphones than men, especially in countries where gender inequality is widespread.

For many women, basic needs like food, shelter, and healthcare take precedence over purchasing tech devices. Even in cases where mobile phones are common, they may only be used for basic functions like calling or texting, rather than for accessing the wealth of educational, financial, or healthcare services that the internet can provide.

Moreover, the cost of maintaining internet services—especially in rural or underserved areas—can be prohibitive. With unreliable or expensive internet options, women in these regions are forced to make difficult decisions about how to allocate their limited resources. Without consistent access to the internet, they cannot take full advantage of online learning opportunities, business ventures, or health-related resources, further entrenching their economic disadvantage.

• Cultural and Societal Factors: Gender Norms and Technology

Cultural norms play a significant role in limiting women’s access to technology. In many societies, gender roles are deeply ingrained, and women are expected to prioritize domestic duties over personal growth or career development. This expectation can make it more difficult for women to find the time or space to engage with technology.

For instance, in some cultures, women may not be encouraged to use digital tools for work, study, or leisure. They may be discouraged from owning their own devices, or even if they do, their use may be restricted by family members. The concern that women might be exposed to inappropriate content online or become “too independent” can lead to further limitations on their digital participation.

In many parts of the world, there is also a pervasive belief that technology is a male-dominated space, which can discourage girls from developing an interest in tech from a young age. Without encouragement to pursue digital literacy or STEM education, women may miss out on skills that are essential for navigating the modern world. This stereotype keeps women from developing the confidence and capabilities needed to thrive in the digital economy.

• Educational Barriers: Limited Access to Digital Literacy

Access to education is a key determinant of whether someone can effectively use technology. Unfortunately, women in many parts of the world are still excluded from educational opportunities, and this has direct implications for their ability to navigate the digital world.

In some regions, cultural norms keep girls out of school altogether, or they are forced to drop out early to take care of household responsibilities. Even when girls are able to attend school, they may receive limited exposure to technology. Girls may be steered away from tech-related subjects like computer science or engineering, not because they lack the aptitude, but because these subjects are traditionally viewed as male-dominated.

The lack of educational opportunities doesn’t end with primary or secondary school. As technology evolves, the demand for digital literacy becomes even more pressing. Yet, many women do not have access to specialized training or certification programs that would allow them to acquire the skills necessary to thrive in today’s tech-centric job market. This educational gap reinforces the gender divide in the workforce, where women are underrepresented in high-paying tech roles and sectors.

• Geographical Challenges: The Rural-Urban Divide

Another major factor contributing to the gender digital divide is geography. Women in rural and remote areas often face more barriers to accessing technology than those living in urban centers. Infrastructure challenges, such as unreliable electricity, low internet connectivity, and the absence of tech service providers, create significant obstacles for rural women.

In many rural areas, the internet is either unavailable or extremely slow, which limits the types of activities that can be done online, such as studying or running a business. Women in these areas may be excluded from e-learning opportunities, job prospects that require internet access, or telemedicine services that could improve their health.

The geographical divide between urban and rural areas is stark, with rural women often feeling disconnected from the technological advancements that have transformed city life. Without reliable access to the internet or technology, these women are deprived of the opportunities that digital tools provide, which keeps them in a cycle of poverty and limited social mobility.

• The Lack of Digital Skills and Confidence

Even when women do have access to technology, they may still struggle to use it effectively due to a lack of digital literacy. Digital skills are essential for navigating the modern world—whether for accessing online services, applying for jobs, or managing financial transactions. Yet, many women do not have the opportunity to develop these skills.

In some communities, women are not taught how to use smartphones or computers. In other cases, women may be provided with the tools but lack the confidence or support to use them effectively. For example, many women may be able to use basic functions like texting or calling but are unfamiliar with more advanced tasks like using the internet for research, social networking, or professional development.

The lack of digital literacy among women is a significant barrier to their participation in the digital economy. Without the necessary skills, women may miss out on job opportunities, online businesses, or entrepreneurial ventures that are rapidly growing in the digital space.

• Closing the Gender Digital Divide: Moving Towards Inclusion

Despite these challenges, there are several initiatives working to bridge the digital divide for women. Governments, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and the private sector have recognized the importance of addressing gender inequality in the digital space and are taking steps to empower women through technology.

1.Global Efforts and Policy Frameworks

Organizations like the United Nations have made closing the gender digital divide a priority in their sustainable development goals. UN Women and the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) have launched programs aimed at increasing women’s access to technology through financial, educational, and technical support. These initiatives often focus on providing digital literacy training, improving internet infrastructure in underserved areas, and encouraging more women to pursue careers in technology.

2. Local Initiatives and NGOs

At the grassroots level, many NGOs are working directly with women in rural or underserved communities to provide digital literacy training. Organizations like “Girls Who Code” and “Tech Needs Girls” focus on educating young girls and women in coding and other technology-related fields. By providing role models, mentorship, and hands-on training, these initiatives are helping women overcome the digital literacy gap and empowering them to pursue careers in technology.

3. Government Programs for Digital Inclusion

Governments in many countries are launching programs aimed at improving access to technology and training for women. For example, India’s “Digital India” initiative aims to increase internet access in rural areas and provide digital literacy programs for women. Similarly, countries in Africa are working on improving digital infrastructure through the “Connect Africa” initiative, with a special focus on ensuring women are included in these efforts.

 Conclusion

The digital divide represents a significant barrier to achieving gender equality in the 21st century. Without equal access to technology, women are deprived of the opportunities to improve their lives, whether through education, economic participation, or healthcare. However, as governments, NGOs, and the private sector work together to bridge this gap, we are beginning to see positive change. By prioritizing women’s access to technology, we can unlock a future where everyone—regardless of gender—has the tools and skills to succeed in the digital world. The journey towards digital equality is ongoing, but it is one that will lead to a more inclusive and empowered world for women everywhere.

- Deepa

(Content Associate)